What is an LFO?

An LFO (Low-Frequency Oscillator) is a type of oscillator used to modulate parameters in a sound rather than produce audible tones. It is known for creating movement and variation in audio.

The LFO typically operates at very low frequencies, often below the range of human hearing, and is used to control elements such as pitch, volume, or filter cutoff.

An LFO emphasizes modulation, allowing parameters to change over time in patterns such as sine, square, or triangle waves.

It can be used to create effects like vibrato (pitch modulation), tremolo (volume modulation), or rhythmic filter sweeps.

Today, LFOs are widely used in synthesizers and audio production, valued for their ability to add motion, texture, and expressive variation to sound.